Effects of Wearable Vibration Therapy on Foot Perfusion, Neuropathy, and Wound Healing in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: Systematic Review
Keywords:
Foot perfusion, Microcirculation, Peripheral neuropathy, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Vibration therapyAbstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major global cause of lower-extremity complications, including diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), impaired foot perfusion, and diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Wearable vibration-based devices have emerged as non-pharmacological adjuncts to improve microcirculation, sensation, balance, and wound healing; however, evidence remains fragmented. Objective: To synthesize the effects, safety, and feasibility of wearable vibration-based therapies across perfusion, neuropathy, functional, and wound-healing outcomes in adults with T2DM. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 and SWiM guidelines. Four databases (Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SAGE Journals) were searched (2016–2026). Eligible studies included adults with T2DM receiving vibration-based interventions. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2, ROBINS-I, and CASP. Results: Thirteen studies (n ≈ 370) were included. Eleven reported favorable outcomes. Interventions improved vibration perception threshold, ankle–brachial index, skin blood flow, plantar sensation, balance, gait, and neuropathic pain. Adjunct vibration therapy accelerated DFU healing by approximately 8 days and increased nitric oxide levels. No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusions: Wearable vibration-based therapies appear to be safe and may provide short-term improvements in perfusion, sensory function, balance, and wound healing in adults with T2DM. However, larger well-designed studies are required to confirm long-term effectiveness.
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