Clinicopathological Characteristics and Recurrence Risk in Basal Cell Carcinoma Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study at Kariadi General Hospital Semarang, 2012–2023

Meira Dewi Kusuma Astuti; Endang Mahati; Suhartono Suhartono; Ambar Mudigdo; Selamat Budijitno; Udadi Sadhana; Ignatius Riwanto

doi:10.54133/ajms.v10i2.2940

Authors

Meira Dewi Kusuma Astuti Doctoral Study Program of Medical and Health Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Dr. Kariadi General Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
Endang Mahati Doctoral Study Program of Medical and Health Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-8753
Suhartono Suhartono Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
Ambar Mudigdo Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia
Selamat Budijitno Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
Udadi Sadhana Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
Ignatius Riwanto Department of Digestive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v10i2.2940

Keywords:

Basal cell carcinoma, Clinical Pathology, Recurrence, Risk factor

Abstract

Background: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is responsible for 70–80% of all skin malignancies. Histopathologically, it is classified into two types: high-risk and low-risk. Evidence linking clinicopathological features of BCC to recurrence risk remains limited in Indonesia, particularly in tertiary referral centers such as Kariadi Hospital. Objective: This study aims to assess the clinicopathological features of BCC in relation to other factors influencing recurrence risk in Indonesia. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional analytic study was conducted using medical records and anatomical pathology examination results of BCC patients diagnosed between January 2012 and December 2023. Results: Among the 405 patients included, 47.4% were classified as having high recurrence risk. Variables analyzed included age, sex, occupation, ulcer size, and tumor location. The risk of recurrence was evaluated according to lesion size, anatomical location, histological subtype, and surgical margins. Ulcer presence showed a significant association with high recurrence risk, with a prevalence ratio (PR)=1.631; 95% CI: 1.337-1.989; p<0.001. Other variables, including age, sex, occupation, ulcer size, and tumor location, did not show statistically significant associations with recurrence risk. Conclusions: The fact that an ulcer was present could be considered one of the factors in determining the risk of BCC recurrence.

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