Evaluation of SATB2 Expression and Its Relationship with Cyclin D1 and βHCG in Colorectal Carcinoma

Sura Wadhah Abdulrazzaq; Nadwa Subhi Alazzo

doi:10.54133/ajms.v10i1.2724

Authors

Sura Wadhah Abdulrazzaq Al Jumhori Teaching Hospital, Mosul, Iraq https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2441-8647
Nadwa Subhi Alazzo Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7265-9395

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v10i1.2724

Keywords:

β-HCG, Cyclin-D1 , Colorectal carcinoma , SATB2

Abstract

Background: Different immunostain markers have improved the early diagnosis of cancer, facilitating early-stage treatment. One of these stains was the special AT-rich sequence-binding protein-2 (SATB2), which serves as a diagnostic marker, and its expression may offer prognostic and predictive insights. Objectives: To evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of SATB2 in colorectal carcinoma cases and its relationship with some clinicopathological parameters and its expression with the expression of each β-hCG and Cyclin D1. Methods: This retrospective case series study examined fifty paraffin-embedded blocks of colorectal carcinoma from October 2024 to August 2025 that were collected from Al-Jamhuri Teaching Hospital and some private laboratories in Mosul City, which had already been studied by immunostains of β-hCG and Cyclin D1. Investigation of SATB2 by immunohistochemistry was done. Results: SATB2 was detected in 54% of the cases, mostly in individuals older than 50 years (88.9%). Grade II differentiation is found in 59.2% of these cases, while depth of invasion at the level of T3 and T4 is 85.1%, and lymphovascular invasion constitutes 62.9%. Expression of negative lymph node involvement was observed in 59.3% of cases, with 48.1% of patients at stage II; among the positive cases of SATB2, 85.1% showed high expression of cyclin D1, while 59.2% showed positive β-hCG expression. Conclusions: SATB2 is expressed in 54% of cases in patients over 50 years old, females, and Grade II. SATB2 is strongly associated with the high expression of cyclin D1 and, to a lesser extent, with β-hCG expression.

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